<html><body><div style="color:#000; background-color:#fff; font-family:HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif;font-size:13px"><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1443678415285_18163"></div><div style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1443678415285_18185"><div style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1443678415285_18184"><div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1443678415285_18183"> <font size="2" face="Arial" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1443678415285_18182"> <b><span style="font-weight:bold;">From:</span></b> Georgi Guninski <guninski@guninski.com><br></font></div><div class="y_msg_container" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1443678415285_18190">IMHO besides VW others outside Germany should be punished too.<br clear="none"><a shape="rect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_emissions_violations&oldid=683264419" target="_blank" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1443678415285_18207">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_emissions_violations&oldid=683264419</a><br clear="none"><br clear="none">The U.S. test results confirmed the ICCT's findings in Europe.[37] The<br clear="none">West Virginia scientists didn't identify the defeat device, but reported<br clear="none">their findings in a study they presented directly to the EPA and CARB in<br clear="none">May 2014.[41][42]<br clear="none">And in 2013 there was warning about "defeat device"</div><div class="y_msg_container" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1443678415285_18190"><br></div><div class="y_msg_container" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1443678415285_18190" dir="ltr">There probably isn't any specific "defeat device". These days, probably all fuel engines are controlled by complex computer programs, that take various inputs (ambient temperature, ambient air pressure, engine temperature, and perhaps others) and make complicated adjustments in inputs to the engine, in order to make the engine run better in various ways. In other words, the "defeat device" is in the software, not the hardware.</div><div class="y_msg_container" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1443678415285_18190" dir="ltr"> Jim bell<br><div class="qtdSeparateBR"><br><br></div><div class="yqt5066792575" id="yqtfd94845"><br clear="none"><br clear="none"><br clear="none"></div><br><br></div> </div> </div> </div></body></html>